How Conservative and Liberal Media Reinforce Political Beliefs

Political Communication  Trust 

Levels of political polarization continue to escalate in the U.S., causing an increasingly wide chasm between liberals and conservatives. Existing research suggests that this divide could be engendered in part because certain segments of the population rely heavily on partisan media outlets as a source of news.

University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications Public Relations Assistant Professor Jay Hmielowski and Associate Professor Myiah Hutchens, with Michael Beam from Kent State University, wanted to explore whether liberal and conservative news outlets contributed to this political divide and to what extent people’s beliefs about politicized topics play a role in increasing polarization based on the content people choose to consume.

The researchers surveyed a representative sample of people living in the U.S. during the 2016 Presidential Election regarding three politicized topics: immigration, law enforcement, and gun control.

Immigration questions focused on support for the proposed ban on Muslims entering the U.S., whether undocumented workers should be allowed to stay in the country, and whether the U.S. should build a wall on the Mexican border. Law enforcement questions asked whether Blacks and other minorities get equal treatment, whether the police treat whites and minorities the same, and whether the police are held accountable for misconduct. Gun control questions asked whether the government should ban the sale of assault weapons, pass concealed carry laws, and pass strict gun laws.

Results reveal that, overall, both liberal and conservative media affects viewers’ political beliefs. However, people who hold conservative positions on issues tend to seek out supportive information from conservative outlets, a result they did not find for people holding more liberal positions. As a result, they found that the interplay of conservative media use and conservative beliefs results in an echo chamber where people who hold conservative positions tend to seek out conservative news, which then leads them to hold more conservative views.

Moving forward, future research should examine how conservative media structures might create content that drives effects, and examine how traits such as closedmindedness help foster a closed communication network.

Ultimately, this research provides evidence that conservative beliefs could be driving a conservative media echo chamber. If people holding liberal views begin to seek out a similar level of extreme media, the U.S. could have two political parties with an even deeper ideological chasm.

The original research paper, “Asymmetry of Partisan Media Effects?: Examining the Reinforcing Process of Conservative and Liberal Media with Political Beliefs,” appeared in Political Communication, Volume 37, No. 6, 2020, 852-868.

 Authors: Jay D. Hmielowski Myiah J. Hutchens, and Michael A. Beam

This summary was written by Marie Morganelli, Ph.D.

Posted: September 7, 2021
Insights Categories: Political Communication, Trust
Tagged as: Jay Hmielowski, Myiah Hutchens, Political Communication, Trust